TseTse fly

Trypanosomiasis, Human African (HAT, African Sleeping Sickness)

Infection occurs through vector-borne transmission by the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). Transmission via bloodborne or congenital routes can occur but is rarely reported.

• HAT is transmitted only in rural sub-Saharan Africa. The two human-infective subspecies of T. brucei do not overlap in geographic distribution.
• T. b. rhodesiense is found in eastern and southeastern Africa. Over 95% of the cases of T. b. rhodesiense infection occur in Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, and Zambia.